NW-04Networking

CCTV Lens & FOV Calculator

What to calculate next

Tools commonly used alongside this calculation

Explanation

A CCTV lens calculator turns a camera’s lens focal length, sensor size, and resolution into a usable answer: how wide an area the camera sees, and how far away it can still detect, recognize, or identify a person. The two drivers are the angle of view, set by the lens and sensor, and the pixel density on the target — the number of pixels that land on a face or figure at a given distance. This tool reports both, plus the four DORI ranges from the EN/IEC 62676-4 standard, in feet or metres.

Focal length, sensor, and field of view

Focal length and sensor width set the horizontal angle of view (HFOV). A short focal length (2.8–4 mm) gives a wide angle for an overview; a long one (12 mm and up) narrows the view and concentrates pixels for distance. The width of the scene a camera covers grows linearly with distance.

HFOV = 2 × arctan( sensor_width ÷ (2 × focal_length) )
FOV width at distance D = D × sensor_width ÷ focal_length

The active sensor width depends on the optical format and the resolution’s aspect ratio, so a 16:9 and a 4:3 sensor of the same “type” do not have the same width. This calculator derives the true width from the format diagonal and your resolution rather than assuming a fixed value.

SymbolMeaning
focal_lengthLens focal length (mm)
sensor_widthActive image-sensor width (mm)
DDistance from camera to target

DORI: detect, observe, recognize, identify

DORI ties four named tasks to four pixel densities on the target plane. As a target moves away, the pixels covering it drop, so each task has a maximum distance. Horizontal pixel density is the resolution divided by the field-of-view width at that distance, which gives the DORI range directly.

pixel density = horizontal_pixels ÷ FOV_width
DORI distance = horizontal_pixels × focal_length ÷ (required_px/m × sensor_width)
TaskPixels / metrePixels / footWhat you can tell
Detection258A person is present
Observation62.519Some characteristic details
Recognition12538Whether it is someone known
Identification25076Identify an unknown face

250 px/m for identification works out to about 76 pixels per foot. Public tenders and insurers often cite these EN/IEC 62676-4 numbers as acceptance criteria.

Choosing a lens and reading the results

Decide the task first. To identify faces at an entrance, work back from the identification range; for a wide parking-lot overview, a short focal length with detection-only coverage may be enough. Higher resolution pushes every DORI range farther for the same lens, which is the real payoff of moving from 2 MP to 4K. After fixing the lens, size the rest of the install: the CCTV / NVR storage calculator sizes the recording drive in terabytes, and the PoE power budget calculator confirms the switch can power every camera over Ethernet.

Assumptions and limitations

DORI ranges assume an undistorted lens, an in-focus image, and good lighting. Wide-angle lenses add barrel distortion at the edges, low light and IR cut effective resolution, and compression artifacts reduce real detail below the raw pixel count. Sensor diagonals follow the optical “type” convention and vary slightly between manufacturers — treat the output as a design estimate and confirm against the camera maker’s own coverage data for acceptance.

When several cameras share one run back to the head end, the aggregate traffic also drives the network backbone — the fiber optic loss budget calculator checks the uplink has enough optical margin for that load.

Frequently asked questions