ES-01Estimating

Labor Burden Calculator

What to calculate next

Tools commonly used alongside this calculation

Explanation

A labor burden calculator turns a worker’s base wage into the fully burdened labor rate — the real hourly cost to your company once payroll taxes, insurance, and benefits are added in. Bidding off the base wage alone is the fastest way to underprice a job: in construction the burden typically adds 30–60% on top of the wage. This tool itemizes each employer-paid cost and spreads the total over the hours a worker is actually on the job.

How labor burden is calculated

Add every employer-paid cost for a year, divide by the base wages to get the burden rate, then divide the total annual cost by the hours the worker is productive to get the rate you bid with.

burden rate % = total annual burden ÷ annual base wages × 100
fully-burdened rate = (annual wages + annual burden) ÷ productive hours
TermMeaning
annual wagesBase wage × paid hours per year (2080 for full time)
annual burdenAll payroll taxes, insurance, and benefits for the year
productive hoursPaid hours minus paid time off (vacation, holiday, sick)

What goes into labor burden

Some costs scale with the wage (taxes and insurance are a percent of payroll); others are fixed dollar amounts per year (benefits). Workers’ comp and general liability are usually quoted per $100 of payroll, which is the same number as a percent — $8.50 per $100 is 8.5%.

ComponentTypicalNotes
FICA7.65%Social Security 6.2% + Medicare 1.45%
FUTA0.6%Federal unemployment, first $7,000 of wages
SUTA0.5–6%+State unemployment — varies by state and experience rating
Workers’ comp2–30%+By trade class code and state — highest for roofing/framing
General liability1–3%Often allocated to payroll
BenefitsvariesHealth, retirement match, allowances — fixed $/year

Social Security applies up to an annual wage base; most hourly field workers stay under it, so 7.65% is a safe flat assumption. FUTA and SUTA legally apply only to the first few thousand dollars of wages, so applying them to full pay is slightly conservative. Construction new-employer SUTA is often higher than the 2.7% generic default — confirm your SUTA rate and workers’ comp class code from your insurer and state.

Productive hours, not paid hours

A worker paid for 2080 hours a year is not on a job for all of them — vacation, holidays, and sick days are paid but not billable. Dividing the full annual cost by the smaller productive-hours number raises the effective rate, which is exactly why estimators bid on productive hours. Skipping this step quietly understates every labor line on the bid.

Notes and limitations

Labor burden is company- and worker-specific. Rates change with the state, the trade’s workers’ comp class code, benefit eligibility, and whether the job is prevailing-wage or private. This calculator gives the fully-burdened cost rate — your bid rate still needs overhead and profit markup on top. Review your burden at least once a year and whenever tax rates, premiums, or benefits change.

Frequently asked questions